| Abl1 |
Abl |
|
Defect in spermatogenesis Kharbanda et al. 1998 |
| Abl1 |
Abl |
|
Perinatal mortality, runtedness, and abnormal spleen, thymus, head, and eye development Schwartzberg et al. 1991; Tybulewicz et al. 1991 |
| Abl1 |
Abl |
|
Abl-/- mice that survive to adulthood have low levels of mature B and T cells Hardin et al. 1995 |
| Abl1/Abl2 |
Abl/Arg double |
Abl/Arg double |
Die E11 - neurulation defects Koleske et al. 1998 |
Akt1  |
AKT (PKB) |
Akt1/PKBalpha |
Partial lethality between E13.5 and 3 weeks after birth. Surviving adults are fertile, but show 20% weight reduction. No effect seen on glucose metabolism Cho H et al. 2001 |
| Akt2 |
AKT (PKB) |
Akt2/PKBbeta |
Reduction of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and fat and reduction in whole body glucose disposal Cho H et al. 2001 |
| Actn3 |
Alpha-actinin |
alpha-actinin-3 |
In progress - Institute for Neuromuscular Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead (Australia) Link |
| Itga4 |
alpha4 integrin |
|
|
| Itga4 |
alpha4 integrin |
Ser1021 Ala |
CMC Target |
| Itga4 |
alpha4 integrin |
Ser1021 Glu |
|
| Itga5 |
alpha5 integrin |
|
CMC Target |
| Rapgef1 |
C3G |
|
Death before E7.5 Ohba et al. 2001 |
| Rapgef1 |
C3G |
hypomorph |
Death at E11.5 due to haemorrhage and vascular integrity defects Voss AK et al. 2003 |
| Capn1 |
Calpain I (mu-calpain) (Capn1) |
|
Viable and fertile. Reduced platelet aggregation and reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta3 subunit of alphaIIbbeta3 integrin Azam M et al. 2001 |
| Capn2 |
Calpain II (m-calpain) (Capn2) |
|
None, though elimination of the Capn4 gene (see below) destroys the CalpainII complex. Arthur JS et al. 2000 |
| Capns1 |
Calpain IV (Capn4) |
|
Embryonic lethality at mid-gestation with defects in the cardiovascular system, hemorrhaging, and accumulation of erythroid progenitors Arthur JS et al. 2000 |
| Capzb |
CapZ |
|
|
| Bcar1 |
CAS (p130) |
|
Embryonic lethality showing systemic congestion and growth retardation. Honda et al. 1998 |
| Cask |
CASK |
insertional mutant |
X-linked gene, all males show cleft palate and die within 24 hours of birth. Viable females did not display cleft palate, but had smaller heads than wt littermates, showed spinal kinks epidermal hyperplasia, were 50% the weight of littermates, failed to thrive and rarely produced any litters. Laverty HG and Wilson JB 1998 |
| Cav1 |
Caveolin-1 |
|
Heart defects due to myocyte hypertropy with interstitial/perivascular fibrosis. Also shows hyperactivation of the Ras-p42/44 MAP kinase cascade Cohen et al. 2003 |
| Cav1 |
Caveolin-1 |
|
Cardiovascular defects due to lack of nitric-oxide and Calcuim signaling, and hyperproliferation of lung endothelial cells Drab M et al 2001; Razani B et al 2001 |
| Cav1 |
Caveolin-1 |
|
Dramatic increase in the incidence of urinary calcium stone formation Cao G et al. 2003 |
| Cav1 |
Caveolin-1 |
|
Null mice are unresponsive to insulin due to drastic reduction in insulin receptor protein levels (> 90%). IR-mRNA levels are normal, suggesting caveolin-1 is necessary for insulin receptor stabilization. Cohen AW et al 2003 |
| Cblb |
Cbl |
Cbl-b |
Viable and grossly normal Chiang YJ et al 2000 |
| Cblc |
Cbl |
Cbl-c |
Viable, fertile, grossly normal. increased number of T-cell receptor B expressing cells, lymphoid hyperplasia, and primary splenic extramedullary hemopoiesis Murphy MA et al 1998 |
| Cfl1 |
Cofilin |
|
CMC Target |
| Coro1c |
Coronin |
|
CMC Target |
| Crk, Crk7 |
Crk |
|
Elimination of Crk-II resulted in no obvious abnormalities Imaizumi et al. 1999 |
| Csk |
Csk |
|
Neural tube defects, Death between E9 and E10 Imamoto & Soriano, 1993 |
| Csk |
Csk |
|
Developmental arrest in the 10-12 somite stage, increase in p60c-src, p59fyn and p53/p56lyn kinase activity Nada et al. 1993 |
| Mcf2 |
Dbl |
|
Viable, fertile, grossly normal. correct disposition of the major neural structures and normal cortical stratification. However, in distinct populations of cortical pyramidal neurons, the length of dendrites was significantly reduced Hirsch E et al. 2002 |
| Dock1 |
DOCK 180 |
|
CMC Target |
| Fhl2 |
DRAL (FHL2) |
|
Viable, grossly normal. Null animals have an exaggerated hypertrophic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Kong Y et al. 2001 |
| Fhl2 |
DRAL (FHL2) |
|
Viable, grossly normal. Normal cardiac development, and no increase in FHL1 or FHL3 mRNA Chu PH et al. 2000 |
| Enah |
ENA (see mena) |
|
(see mena) |
| Rdx |
ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) |
radixin (Rdx) |
Normal at birth, but increased levels of conjugated bilirubin at week 4 results in mild liver injury after 8 weeks. Kikuchi S et al. 2002 |
| Msn |
ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) |
moesin (Msn) |
(X-linked gene) Viable, fertile. No change in ezrin or radixin levels Doi Y et al. 1999 |
| Evl |
Evl |
|
CMC Target |
| Ptk2 |
Fak |
|
Death at E8.5 with impaired blood vessel development Ilic et al. 2003 |
| Gsn |
Gelsolin (or ADF) |
|
Gelsolin deficiency was associated with normal skeletal development and endochondral bone growth, but mildly abnormal epiphyseal structure, retained cartilage proteoglycans in metaphyseal trabeculae, and increased trabecular thickness. With age, gelsolin-deficient mice expressed increased trabecular and cortical bone thickness producing mechanically stronger bones. Chellaiah M et al., 2000 |
| Git2 |
GIT2 |
Null |
Alive, fertile, with some splenomegaly and immunodeficiency. Decreased neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis.Mazaki et al. 2006 |
| Grb2 |
Grb2 |
hypomorph |
Perinatal death due to cleft palate Saxton TM et al. 2001 |
| Grb2 |
Grb2 |
|
Embryonic lethality at E4. failure in endoderm differentiation. Chimeric embryos show that Grb2-null cells do not contribute to the epiblast. Cheng AM et al. 1998; Saxton TM et al. 2001 |
| |
Integrins |
Review |
See Review for information on 22 different integrin Kos Hynes, 2002, Cell v110 |
| Insr , |
IR |
|
Severe insulin resistance and death from ketoacidosis within 3–7 days after birth Accili D et al. 1996 |
| Insr , |
IR |
Conditional in pancreatic beta cells only |
Viable, fertile. Normal blood glucose levels, but loss of insulin secretion in response to glucose, and progressive glucose intolerance. Kulkarni RN et al. 1999 |
| Irs1 |
IRS-1 |
|
Viable, but neonates are half the size of littermates, show impaired glucose tolerance Araki et al. 1994 |
| Irs1 |
IRS-1 |
|
Postnatal growth was also retarded, and were resistant to insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 Tamemoto et al. 1994 |
| Irs1, Irs3 |
IRS-1/3 |
Irs1/Irs3 double |
Early-onset severe lipoatrophy associated with marked hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Laustsen PG et al. 2002 |
| Ptprf |
LAR-PTP |
|
Viable, but LAR-/- females have mammary gland defects and cannot nurse the pups Schaapveld et al. 1997 |
| Ptprf |
LAR-PTP |
|
Reduced numbers of cholinergic cells Van Lieshout et al. 2001 |
| Ptprf |
LAR-PTP |
|
Reduced levels of plasma insulin and glucose, 47% reduction in insulin-stimulated PI3-kinase activity Ren et al. 1998 |
| Layilin |
Layilin |
|
CMC Target |
| Stk10 |
LOK (lymphocyte-oriented kinase) |
|
Leukocyte-function-associated aggregation of mitogen-stimulated T cells was greatly enhanced in LOK-deficient mice. Endo et al., 2000 |
| Enah |
Mena |
|
Viable, with misrouted axons, failed decussation of the corpus callosum, and defects in both the hippocampal commissure and the pontocerebellar pathway Lanier et al. 1999 |
| Myh2 |
Myosin heavy chain II-A |
|
Defects in cell adhesion and visceral endoderm. Conti et al., 2004 |
| Myh10 |
Nonmuscle myosin II-B |
|
Required for normal development of mouse heart. Tullio et al., 1997 |
| Myh6 |
Cardiac alpha myosin, heavy chain |
|
Dosage effects and functional deficits in the heart. PMID(Jones et al., 1996|8878443 |
| Nck1, Nck2 |
Nck1 & Nck2 |
|
Nck genes have broad and overlapping expression pattern and mice deficient in either Nck1 or Nck2 are viable, whereas inactivation of both resulted in profound defects in mesoderm-derived notochord and embryonic lethality at day 9.5 Bladt et al., 2003 |
| Pxn |
Paxillin |
|
Embryonic lethality due to abnormal development of mesodermally derived structures such as the heart and somites Hagel et al. 2002 |
| Hspg2 |
Perlecan |
|
Perlecan-null mice show severe defects of skeletal developmental and die at mid-gestation of heart failure. Surviving embryos exhibit severe chondrodysplasia between E15 and birth, with short limbs, neck and snout. They have cleft palates and die shortly after birth from respiratory failure. Costell et al., 1999 |
| Pik3cd |
PI 3-K |
p100 subunit |
Viable, with decreased numbers of mature b cells, a block in pro-B-cell differentiation, and a B1 B-cell deficiency. Decreased immunoglobulin levels. Elimination of response to T-cell-dependent antigens, and reduction in response to T-cell-independent antigens. Jou et al. 2002 |
| Pik3cd |
PI 3-K |
Review |
Review of PI3k family and signaling component mouse knockouts Katso et al. 2001 |
| Prkce |
PKC |
PKC-epsilon |
Viable, grossly normal. Decreased epinephrine-induced and acetic acid–associated hyperalgesia Khasar SG et al. 1999 |
| Prkce |
PKC |
|
Reduced ethanol withdrawal severity Olive MF et al. 2001 |
| Prkce |
PKC |
|
Decreased anxiety-like behavior, reduced levels of stress hormones Hodge CW et al. 2002 |
| Prkce |
PKC |
|
Decreased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction Littler CM et al. 2003 |
| Prkcc |
PKC |
PKC-gamma |
Viable, diminished long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus and mild defects in spatial and contextual learning. Abeliovich A et al. 1993; Abeliovich A et al. 1993 |
| Prkch |
PKC |
PKCeta |
In Progress -University of Tokyo see Kashiwagi et al. 2002 |
| Plcg1 |
PLC-gamma (Plcg1) |
|
Embryonic lethal. Embryos appear normal at E8.5, but do not develop past E9.0 Ji Q, Winner GE et al. 1997 |
| Pkd1 |
Polycystin-1 (Pkd1) |
Truncation mutation del34 |
Embryonic lethality at E15.5-birth with enlarged, cystic kidneys, pancreatic ductal cysts and pulmonary hypoplasia Lu W, Peissel B et al. 1997 |
| Pkd1 |
Polycystin-1 (Pkd1) |
Truncation del43/45 |
Embryonic lethality at E10.5- E15.5 due to edema, focal vascular leaks and hemorrhage Kim K and Drummond I 2000 |
| Pkd1 |
Polycystin-1 (Pkd1) |
knockout |
Death from E13.5-birth with polyhydramnios, systemic edema, polycystic kidney and pancreatic disease, and spina bifida occulta and osteochondrodysplasia Lu W et al. 2001 |
| Pkd2 |
Polycystin-2 (Pkd2) |
|
Embryonic lethality after E13.5, Adult Pkd2+/- mice have reduced survival. Animals with point-mutant/over/null genotypes develop renal failure and early death (13 months) Wu G et al 2000 |
| Pkd2 |
Polycystin-2 (Pkd2) |
|
Embryos show right pulmonary isomerism, randomization of embryonic turning, heart looping, and abdominal situs Pennekamp P et al 2002 |
| Pfn1 |
Profilin |
Profilin I |
Very early embryonic lethality - no viable Knockout blastocysts found. Heterozygotes show reduced embryonic survival Witke et al. 2001 |
| Pfn2 |
Profilin |
Profilin II |
Neurons show intact actin cytoskeleton, but have altered kinetics of synapse recycling. Mice are anxious, do not react to stress, and lack maternal behaviors Witke Group EMBL 201 Research Reports |
| Pten |
PTEN |
|
Homozygotes show early embryonic lethality, Pten+/- mice show hyperplastic-dysplastic changes in the prostate, skin abd colon as well as spontaneous development of germ cell, gonadostromal, thyroid and colon tumors. DiCristofano et al 1998 |
| Pten |
PTEN |
|
Hets show breast tumors, endometrial hyperplasia, endometiral cancer, hamartoamous tumors of the GI tract, and both prostate and adrenal neoplasias. Most tumors show LOH at Pten. Stambolic et al. 2000 |
| Pten |
PTEN |
keratinocyte-specific |
Within 3 weeks of birth, 90% of k5Pten(flox/flox) mice die of malnutrition. Surviving mice develop spontaneous tumors within 8.5 months of birth. Pups display epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, leading to wrinkled skin as well as ruffled, shaggy, and curly hair. Suzuki et al. 2003 |
| Ptpn1 |
PTP1B |
Null |
Low body weight due largely to a dramatic reduction in body fat content and hypermetabolism Klaman LD et al 2000 |
| Ptpn1 |
PTP1B |
del5/6 |
Viable, increased insulin sensitivity, failed to gain weight when maintained on a high-fat diet Elchebly M et al. 1999 |
| Ptk2b |
PYK2 |
|
Viable, with suppression of IgM, IgG3 and IgG2a production Guinamard et al 2000 |
| Rac2 |
Rac2 |
null |
Mice show baseline neutrophilia, reduced inflammatory peritoneal exudate formation and increased mortality when challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus. Roberts AW et al. 1999 |
| |
Rho |
C3 transgenic mice (thymic targeting of transgene abolishing biological function of Rho) |
Maturational, proliferative and cell survival defects during T-cell development were observed, that severely impair the generation of normal numbers of thymocytes and mature peripheral T cells. Henning SW. et al., 1997 |
| Rock2 |
ROCK-II |
|
90% embryonic lethal 13.5 days postcoitum due to placental abnormalities Thumkeo et al., 2003 |
| Shc1 |
Shc |
p52ShcA |
Embryonic lethal at E11.5 due to cardiovascular defects Lai KM and Pawson T 2000 |
| Ptpn11 |
SHP-2 (ptpn11 gene) |
Shp2/EGFR double |
Premature lethality with aortic stenosis and regurgitation. Chen et al 2000 |
| Ptpns1 |
SHPS-1 |
truncation del7/8 |
Viable, fertile, mild thrombocytopenia, abnormal distribution of B lymphocytes and megakaryocytes in spleen Inagaki K et al. 2000 |
| Ptpns1 |
SHPS-1 |
truncation del7/8 |
Platelets were cleared from the bloodstream more rapidly, peritoneal macrophages from the mutant mice phagocytosed red blood cells more effectively , and null mice exhibited an increase both in the rate of cell spreading and in the formation of filopodia-like structures at the cell periphery. Yamao T et al. 2002 |
| Src , |
Src or Src1 |
Src (p60-Src) |
Src -/- mice exhibit osteopetrosis owing to the inability of osteoclasts to form a sealing zone. Lowe C, et al., 1993 |
| Src , |
SrcFK |
Src1 |
Src1-/- mice exhibit moderate motor dysfunction, but normal hippocampal function. Delay in purkinje cell maturation at eh neonatal stage Nishihara et al. 2003 |
| Srf |
Srf (activated) |
|
CMC Target |
| Sdc4 |
Syndecan-4 |
|
Viable, fertile, grossly normal. delay in wound healing Ishiguro K et al 2000; Echtermeyer F et al. 2001 |
| Tln1 |
Talin 1 |
|
Embryonic lethality at E8.5-9.5 with disorganization of embryos at gastrulation. Monkley et al 2000 |
| Tns |
Tensin |
|
Viable and healthy at birth: weakness, renal failure and cysts in proximal kidney tubules later in life. Analysis of cysts show disruptions in cell matrix junctions and weakening of focal adhesion Lo et al. 1997 |
| Tns |
Tensin |
|
Delayed regeneration of wounded skeletal muscle in Tensin-/- mice, correlates with delayed expression of myosin, paxillin and dystrophin. Ishii and Lo, 2001 |
| Trio |
Trio |
|
Embryonic lethality between E15.5 and birth. Abnormal skeletal myofibers and aberrant organization in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. O'Brien SP et al 2000 |
| Txnip |
Txnip |
|
Viable, altered cardiac response to pressure overload. Deletion of Txnip plays an unanticipated role in myocardial energy homeostasis rather than redox regulation. Yoshioka et al 2007 |
| Plau , , , |
uPA |
|
Greatly impaired in inflammatory cell recruitment, migration defect in wounded smooth muscle lack of melanomas after chemical induction of melanocytic neoplasms suggests that uPA contributes to malignant progression Shapiro et al. 1996 |
| Plau , , , |
uPAR (CD87) |
|
u-PAR deficiency Is not lethal and did not affect wound healing as assayed by: arterial neointima formation, neointimal cell accumulation, or migration of smooth muscle cells. Carmeliet et al. 1998 |
| Plau , , , |
uPAR (CD87) |
|
Adult mice are anxious, exhibit spontaneous seizure activity and have higher susceptibility to pharmacologically induced convulsions: decrease in GABA-immunoreactive interneurons Powell et al. 2003 |
| Plau , , , |
uPAR (CD87) |
|
Reduced platelet survival, but the 2-3fold increase in number of megakaryocyes in marrow and spleen results in increased platelet production to compensate Piguet et al. 2000 |
| Plau , , , |
uPAR (CD87) |
|
Reduction of recruitment of leukocytes to inflamed or infected areas May et al. 1998; Gyetko et al. 2000 |
| Plau , , , |
uPAR (CD87) |
|
Delay in mortality following infection with severe malaria Piguet et al. 2000 |
| Vasp |
VASP |
|
Significant reduction in cAMP- and cGMP-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation Aszódi A et al. 1999 |
| Vasp |
VASP |
|
Hyperplasia of megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen, but no other macroscopic or microscopic abnormalities Hauser W et al 1999 |
| Vasp, Enah |
VASP/Ena |
Ena/VASP double |
Embryonic Lethal Gertler Lab, unpublished data |
| Enah, Vasp, Evl |
Ena/VASP/Evl |
Ena/VASP/Evl triple chimera |
Neuronal ectopias, altered intralayer positioning in the cortical plate, and no axon fiber tract formation during corticogenesis. Kwiatkowski et al 2007 |
| Vasp |
VASP |
protein sequestering |
Aberrant placement of early-born pyramidal neurons in the superficial layers of both the embryonic and the postnatal cortex in a cell-autonomous fashion. Goh KL et al 2002 |
| |
Vav |
null |
Mice are viable and display profound defect in the positive selection of both class I- and II-restricted T cells and while negative selection is not abolished it is much less effective in the absence of Vav. Turner M et al. 1997 |
| |
Vav |
null |
Mutant mice have normal antibody responses to haptenated Ficoll, but show defective class switching to IgG and germinal center formation when immunized with haptenated protein. Gulbranson-Judge A et al. 1999 |
| Vav1, Vav2, Vav3 |
Vav |
1/2/3 deficient |
Mice lacking all Vav family proteins and show that Vav-null mice produce no functional T or B cells and completely fail to mount both T-dependent and T-independent humoral responses Fujikawa K. et al., 2003 |
| Vim |
Vimentin |
|
No obvious phenotype Colucci-Guyon E et al 1994 |
| Vim |
Vimentin |
|
Significant attenuation of flow-induced dilation of mesenteric resistance arteries perfused in vitro Henrion D et al 1997 |
| Vcl |
Vinculin |
|
Death by E10, with embryos displaying 30-40% reduction in size, lack of midline fusion of the rostral neural tube and developmental defects in heart, somites and limbs. Xu et al. 1998 |
| Zyx |
Zyxin |
|
Viable, fertile, no obvious histological abnormalities in any of the organs examined. Hoffman LM et al 2003 |
| Abl1, Abl2 |
Abl/Arg double |
neuroepithelial |
Alterations in actin cytoskeleton Koleske et al. 1998 |
| Rapgef1 |
C3G |
embryonic fibroblasts |
Impaired cell adhesion, delayed cell spreading and accelerated cell migration Ohba Y et al 2001 |
| Rapgef1 |
C3G |
hypomorph in MEFs |
Abnormal response to PDGF-BB, cell adhesion defects and lacked paxillin and integrin-beta1-positive cell adhesions. Integrin-beta3-positive cell adhesions formed normally. Voss AK et al. 2003 |
| Capns1 |
Calpain IV (Capn4) |
fibroblasts |
Decreased migration rates, abnormal organization of actin cytoskeleton, loss of central stress fibers, and decreased numbers of focal adhesions. No proteolysis of talin Dourdin et al. 2001 |
| Bcar1 |
CAS (p130) |
embryonic fibroblasts |
Impaired formation of actin stress fibers, reduced cell spreading, cell migration, and transformation by activated Src Honda et al 1998 |
| Cbl, Cblb |
Cbl |
c-Cbl Cbl-b double knock-out T cells |
Hyper responsive upon anti-CD3 stimulation because the cells could not down-modulate surface TCR after ligand engagement Naramura M et al 2002 |
| Parva |
CH-ILKBP |
siRNA in HeLa cells |
40% of cells underwent apoptosis 48 hours after siRNA transfection. Loss of membrane translocation of PKB/Akt Fukuda T et al. 2003 |
| Csk |
Csk |
embryonic fibroblasts |
Elimination of G-protein-induced actin stress fibers Lowry et al. 2002 |
| Enah |
Ena |
see VASP |
|
| Ptk2 |
FAK |
embryonic fibroblasts |
Reduced migration rate and an increase in the number and size of peripherally localized adhesions Ilic D. et al. 1995 |
| Ptk2 |
FAK |
|
Elevated levels of Pyk2 Sieg DJ et al 1998 |
| Ptk2, Bcar1 |
FAK, Cas double |
embryonic fibroblasts |
Defects in ephrinA1-induced cell spreading Carter et al. 2002 |
| Gsn |
Gelsolin |
osteoclasts |
Gelsolin deficiency blocks podosome assembly and alpha(v) beta(3) integrin-stimulated signaling, resulting in hypomotile osteoclasts due to the retarded remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Chellaiah M et al., 2000 |
| Irs1 |
IRS-1 |
primary beta islet cells |
Insulin secretory defects in response to glucose and arginine, and 2-fold reduction in insulin expression Kulkarni RN et al. 1999 |
| Map3k1 |
MEKK1 |
fibroblasts |
Loss of vinculin in focal adhesions of migrating cells, increased cell adhesion and impeded rear-end detachment Cuevas et al., 2003 |
| Nck1, Nck2 |
Nck1 &Nck2 |
embryonic fibroblasts |
Defects in cell motility and organization of the lamellipodial actin network Bladt et al., 2003. |
| Pxn |
Paxillin |
cultured ES cells |
Delayed spreading on fibronectin and laminin, reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of Fak Wade et al. 2002 |
| Pxn |
Paxillin |
fibroblasts |
Abnormal focal adhesions, reduced cell migration, inefficient localization of Fak), defects in cortical cytoskeleton and cell spreading on fibronectin. Hagel et al. 2002 |
| Pik3cd |
PI 3-K |
p85alpha KO polymorphonuclear leukocytes |
Normal cellular motility in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor Yasui et al 2002 |
| Plcg1 |
PLC-gamma (Plcg1) |
MEFs |
Studied PDGF effects - found normal increase in plasma membrane ruffles following PDGF addition. Hess JA et al. 1998 |
| Plcg1 |
PLC-gamma (Plcg1) |
MEFs |
Null cells show decreased spreading and therefore grow to a higher saturation density, Ji QS et al. 1998 |
| Plcg1 |
PLC-gamma (Plcg1) |
MEFs |
Insulin-like growth factor cannot rescue Plcg1-null cells from suspension-induced cell death Chattopadhyay A and Carpenter G 2002 |
| Pten |
PTEN |
ES cells |
Pten -/- ES cells show an enhanced ability to generate tumors in nude and synergistic mice and differentiate aberrantly in culture. DiCristofano et al 1998 |
| Pten |
PTEN |
ES cells and MEFs |
Accelerated transition from the G(2)/M to the G(1) phase of the cell cycle Kandel ES et al. 2002 |
| Pten |
PTEN |
PCT and NIH3T3 fibroblasts |
Loss of Pten leads to increased AKT activity Choi Y et al. 2002 |
| Ptpn1 |
PTPalpha |
immortalized embryonic fibroblasts |
Altered cell shape and reduced focal adhesion kinase (Fak Tyr397) phosphorylation Zeng et al., 2003 |
| Ptpn1 |
PTP1B |
embryonic fibroblasts (transformed) |
Enhanced plating efficiency and IGF-I-mediated motility, enhanced IGF-I-mediated protection from apoptosis Buckley DA et al 2002 |
| Ptprf |
PTP1B |
embryonic fibroblasts (transformed) |
Delay in cell spreading Cheng A et al 2001 |
| Ptpn12 |
PTP-PEST |
fibroblasts |
Increased rate of spreading on fibronectin. Increase in the number and size of vinculin containing focal adhesions. Angers-Loustau A et al. 1999 |
| Ptpn12 |
PTP-PEST |
fibroblasts |
2.6-fold increase in phosphorylation of endogenous c-Abl, with prolonged Abl-activation (at least 60 minutes, as compared to less than 30 min for wt cells) Cong F et al. 2000 |
| Rac2 |
Rac2 |
neutrophils |
Neutrophils display significant defects in chemotaxis, in shear-dependent L-selectin-mediated capture on the endothelial substrate Glycam-1 and in both F-actin generation and p38 and unexpected p42/p44 MAP kinase activation induced by chemoattractants. Superoxide production by bone marrow neutrophils was also significantly reduced Roberts AW et al., 1999 |
| Rac2 |
Rac2 |
T cells |
Proliferation was reduced in Rac2(-/-) T cells upon stimulation with either plate-bound anti-CD3 or T cell receptor-specific antigen and was accompanied by decreased activation of mitogen activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 as well as reduced Ca (2)+ mobilization. TCR stimulation-induced actin polymerization was reduced and there were significant phenotypic similarities with Vav (-/-) cells implication Rac2 as a downstream mediator of Vav signaling. Yu H et al. 2001 |
| Ptpns1 |
SHPS-1 |
fibroblasts with truncation del 7/8 |
Increased rate of spreading on fibronectin, but defective in subsequent polarized extension and migration. Inagaki K et al. 2000 |
| Sdc4 |
Syndecan-4 |
fibroblasts |
reduced phosphorylation of Fak Tyr(397) Wilcox-Adelman SA et al. 2002 |
| Sdc4 |
Syndecan-4 |
fibroblasts |
Normal formation of focal adhesions on fibronectin Ishiguro K et al. 2000 |
| Tln1 |
Talin |
trophoblast cells |
Reduced spreading on fibronectin and laminin. Monkley et al 2000 |
| Plau |
uPAR |
embryonic fibroblasts |
LRP-independent reduction of Rac1 activation Ma et al. 2002 |
| Vasp |
VASP |
fibroblasts |
Very spread - covering twice the substrate surface area as compared to wild type. Normal Mena and Evl levels. Increased activation of PAK pathway. Garcia Arguinzonis MI et al. 2002 |
| Vasp, Enah |
VASP/Ena |
Ena/VASP double |
Review - Bear JB et al. 2001 |
| Enah, Vasp, Evl |
Ena/VASP/Evl |
Ena/VASP/Evl triple neurons |
Neuritogenesis in Ena/VASP-null neurons can be rescued by restoring filopodia formation through addition of laminin or expression of actin nucleating protein mDia2. Dent EW et al 2007 |
| Vav1 |
Vav1 |
thymocytes |
Thymocytes are less efficient at forming conjugates with antigen presenting cells presenting agonist peptide than wild-type cells and this may be related to loss of TCR-induced activation of the integrin LFA-1 associated with these cells. Ardouin et al. 2003 |
| Vcl |
Vinculin |
F9 embryonal carcinoma cells |
Normal adherence to fibronectin, reduced spreading, increased amounts of alpha-actinin, talin and paxillin at focal adhesions Volberg et al. 1995 |
| Vcl |
Vinculin |
F9 embryonal carcinoma cells |
Altered cell morphology and motility. absence of stress fibers Goldmann et al. 1995 |
| Vcl |
Vinculin |
embryonic fibroblasts |
Reduced adhesion to fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin and collagen and increased migration rates over these substrates Xu et al. 1998 |
= Link to the JAX database